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1. New Pema Gatshel Dzong and Tshechu For the first time, residents of Pema Gatshel witnessed their district’s biggest annual festival, the Dzongkhag Tshechu, in the newly-built Dzong at Denchi. The Druk Migyur Dechen Dzong not only provided greater comfort for devotees but also attracted double the number of spectators this year. 2. Bhutan Men's Football Team Advances to AFC Asian Cup 2027 Qualifiers Despite exiting the World Cup 2026 qualifiers after a 4-2 defeat against Hong Kong, China, the Bhutan men’s football team has secured a group stage spot for the AFC Asian Cup 2027 qualifiers. This is after the team defeated Hong Kong, China two-nil at the Changlimithang National Stadium and emerged as the best-losing team during the recent World Cup preliminary qualifiers. 3. 25th Bhutan-China Boundary Talks The 25th Round of Boundary Talks between Bhutan and China was held in Beijing on the 23rd and 24th of October, 2023. Lyonpo Tandi Dorji led the Bhutanese delegation, and Sun Weidong led the Chinese delegation. They discussed boundary negotiations and signed the Cooperation Agreement on the Responsibilities and Functions of the Joint Technical Team (JTT) on the Delimitation and Demarcation of the Bhutan-China Boundary. 4. Changes in Facilitation for National Assembly Elections Unlike the 2018 National Assembly Elections, there will be no postal ballot facilitation booths in the upcoming NA Elections. Voters express that providing facilitation booths would encourage more voters to participate. 5. Drug Testing Results in Thimphu A total of 27 individuals, including two women, tested positive for drugs during a checking conducted at the Olakha Workshop and Changzamtog Highway in Thimphu. Seven individuals are from the workshop area, while the remaining individuals tested positive during the highway checking. All 27 individuals will be sent for counseling and treatment. 6. Eye Camp and Cataract Surgeries A five-day eye camp in Wangdue Phodrang and Thimphu performed cataract surgeries on almost 150 people in the country. The camp was initiated under the Royal Patronage of Her Majesty the Royal Grandmother Ashi Kesang Choeden Wangchuck and was carried out by Dr. Sanduk Ruit and a team from the Gyalyum Kesang Choeden Wangchuck National Eye Centre. 7. Entrepreneurship Training in Zhemgang Basic entrepreneurship training is ongoing in Zhemgang to create sustainable business opportunities for rural out-of-school youth. Participants will pitch their business ideas to investors after the 15-day training. 8. Potato Prices and Challenges for Farmers Reports indicate a season of despair for potato farmers in Phuentshogling. They faced challenges including potatoes rotting at the auction yard and lower prices compared to the previous year. 9. Lead Exposure in Children About 75% of children up to five years in Thimphu and Phuentshogling are exposed to lead according to a recent research conducted by the Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan. The researchers are yet to determine the cause. 10. QNET Scheme Victims About 30 Bhutanese have lost hundreds of thousands of money to an illegal business scheme known as the QNET scheme. The Department of Law and Order received two written complaints and one verbal complaint.

Travelers visiting Bhutan unanimously concur that this diminutive Himalayan nation provides an ideal setting for rejuvenating one's physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. You, too, can partake in this revitalization, but with an added dimension – by indulging in a dip in Bhutan's hot stone baths. It's fascinating to note that one of Bhutan's ancient names, Menjung, translates to "The Land of Medicinal Herbs." The roots of Bhutanese medicine trace back to Tibet in the 7th century, drawing heavily from Indian Ayurvedic traditions. Bhutanese hot baths distinguish themselves from their global counterparts. They harness the potency of Menchu, or medicinal water, which comprises fresh water infused with Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) leaves. This concoction is heated using river stones that have been meticulously roasted over an open flame until they attain searing temperatures. Additional heated stones are introduced into the primary tub through a designated chute to elevate the water's temperature. Worry not about the stones causing burns; they do not roll directly into the bath. The chamber is equipped with apertures that facilitate the infusion of heat into the bathwater. These stones not only enhance the temperature but also release essential minerals into the water, occasionally even infusing it with cannabis. A soak in a Bhutanese hot stone bath serves as an exceptional means to unwind after a day of sightseeing, all while reaping various health benefits. The warmth of the water, coupled with the medicinal herbs and minerals from the stones, produces remarkable effects. Bhutanese people turn to hot stone baths to alleviate conditions such as arthritis, hypertension, joint pain, stomach ailments, and numerous other persistent discomforts, including over 50 skin conditions. Beyond its therapeutic benefits, the bath experience is a potent stress reliever, thanks to the meditative effects of Artemisia. For the ultimate relaxation, consider incorporating a salt scrub to eliminate dead skin cells, followed by an oil massage. Traditionally, Bhutanese families make a ritual of unwinding in hot stone baths once or twice a week, especially during the winter months after arduous periods of farming. Some even consult astrologers to pinpoint auspicious days when the baths offer maximum therapeutic effects. Hot stone bath destinations to explore in Bhutan Traditionally, hot stone baths are situated in natural and rustic surroundings, which might include a farm shed or a riverside location, all beneath the expansive open sky with easy access to river water. In contemporary times, you can encounter various interpretations of these baths across Bhutan, spanning from traditional farmhouses to opulent five-star resorts. 1. Bjagoe Menchu Location: Paro Bjagoe Menchu, situated in proximity to a nearby spring, stands out as a cost-effective choice. Here, you'll immerse yourself in a traditional wooden tub reminiscent of ancient bathing rituals. One of these tubs comfortably accommodates a couple. This charming facility nestled in a community forest lies approximately 10 kilometers from Bondey en route to Chelela. In 2017, in collaboration with the UNDP, Bjagoe Menchu implemented eco-friendly measures, including the installation of solar-powered water heating systems and water heating ovens, reducing the reliance on firewood. Bjagoe Menchu enjoys popularity, attracting a minimum of 300 visitors each month. To find your way to this hidden gem, it is advisable to seek directions from your tour guide or inquire with the local residents. 2. Sherab Dema Farmhouse Homestay Location Bumthang If you're in search of a truly authentic Bhutanese hot stone bath experience, make your way to Sherab Dema Farmhouse Homestay. This establishment is conveniently located within walking distance of the renowned Jambay Lhakhang temple, and it holds a special place in the hearts of both locals and tourists. The bath is arranged in a traditional manner, surrounded by breathtaking scenery, allowing you to immerse not only your body but also your eyes in the natural beauty. To round off this memorable experience, the gracious host treats you to ema datshi and ara, providing a delightful culinary finale to your visit. 3. Aum Choden Homestay Location: Paro Aum Choden Homestay is a modest, century-old, two-story traditional Bhutanese residence nestled in Paro. This homestay offers an authentic glimpse into Bhutanese life, allowing you to immerse yourself in a traditional setting with a Bhutanese family while experiencing the warm embrace of local hospitality. In addition to the invigorating hot stone bath experience, Aum Choden Homestay offers the opportunity to partake in other traditional activities such as archery, dart games, and demonstrations of Bhutanese culinary techniques. 4. Uma Punakha A classic hot-stone bath offers a deeply relaxing way to conclude your day. At COMO Uma Punakha, our hot-stone bathhouse is nestled on a hillside with stunning views of COMO Uma Punakha. In this tranquil setting, river rocks are gently placed into the hot water, where they emit soothing cracks and steams. These natural river stones release minerals renowned for their ability to alleviate persistent muscle aches and joint tension. To complete the experience at COMO Shambhala Retreat, we follow the hot-stone bath with our signature COMO Shambhala Massage. This therapeutic massage employs gentle, elongated strokes to melt away any lingering stress and tension. 5. Amankora Gangtey Location: Bumthang Much like the Uma chain, Amankora presents an enchanting experience of hot stone baths within rustic farm sheds. Picture a scene with candlelight, accompanied by tea and snacks, all against the backdrop of the awe-inspiring Himalayan mountains. It's a harmonious blend of luxury, rejuvenation, and cultural immersion, all rolled into one remarkable experience. 6. Tashi Namgay Resort Location: Paro Tashi Namgay Resort is a well-known establishment in Bhutan that offers hot stone bath experiences to its guests. This resort is situated in the beautiful Paro Valley, and their hot stone bath facility provides visitors with a traditional Bhutanese wellness experience. 7. Taktsang View Resort and Spa Location: Paro Taktsang View Resort and Spa is a truly picturesque hotel that boasts an exceptional location, breathtaking views, and an expansive, open atmosphere. Positioned at the end of the road, this resort serves as the starting point for those embarking on the journey to the iconic Tiger's Nest Monastery. With the majestic backdrop of the Tiger's Nest Monastery, this boutique hotel offers just eight luxurious rooms, all set amidst an acre of land featuring an impressive organic garden that yields vegetables and fruits across its 75-decimal backyard. From both the hotel premises and the guest rooms, you'll be treated to an awe-inspiring view of the Tiger's Nest Monastery, which clings to the sheer vertical cliffs above. In addition to this iconic sight, you can also feast your eyes on the verdant and lush valley of Tshento village and the remnants of Drugyel Ruins. Within the resort, there is a hot stone bath facility renowned for its curative and healing properties, a well-appointed modern spa for your relaxation, and a beautifully furnished dining area, each managed by its dedicated team to ensure your comfort and satisfaction. 8. Chencho Farm House Location: Paro Indulge in delectable cuisine at Chencho Farm House after your exhilarating hike to Taktsang! This culinary experience is truly unique as it features dishes served in earthen pots. Don't miss out on the chili paste and Momos, which are absolute must-tries here. Chencho Farm House is conveniently located just a short drive from the Tiger's Nest Monastery Base point, making it an ideal choice for Tiger's Nest hikers. Unlike the Taktsang Cafeteria, which primarily offers continental dishes with limited spicy options, Chencho Farm House offers a more satisfying post-hike lunch experience. Booking your lunch at Chencho Farm House is highly recommended, especially if you have half of your family eagerly waiting for you at the base point. It's an unparalleled experience that guarantees you'll relish every bite. I recently hosted guests from Germany, and they thoroughly enjoyed the Bhutanese cuisine, particularly the spicy dishes. If you're a fan of chili, you'll feel like you're in heaven here! 9. Healthy Herbal Hot Stone Bath Location: Thimphu A Healthy Herbal Hot Stone Bath provides a rejuvenating and therapeutic bathing experience that combines the use of heated stones and herbal ingredients to promote relaxation, detoxification, and overall well-being. As you step into the tranquil and aromatic spa environment, you'll immediately feel a sense of relaxation enveloping you. The ambiance is designed to soothe your senses, with soft lighting, calming music, and the subtle scent of healing herbs in the air. 10. Gaa-kee Hot Stone Bath Location: Thimphu The Gaa-Kee Hot Stone Bath draws its inspiration from ancient healing practices that have been cherished for centuries. As you step into the spa, you are immediately transported to a world where time slows down, and your well-being takes center stage. Gaa-Kee Hot Stone Bath boasts a single tub accompanied by a comfortable resting bench and chair, enhanced with herbal additives sourced from Bhutan's rich traditional healing heritage. Gaa-Kee rooms feature wooden furnishings, including the tub, walls, floors, and ceiling, creating a warm and inviting ambiance. On the exterior, Gaa-Kee features lightweight wooden panels with concrete lower support walls, incorporating openings in each compartment to accommodate the placement of the hot stones. The tubs are strategically positioned with their ends exposed to the outside, allowing the staff to easily insert the hot stones. It is situated just a convenient 24-minute drive away from the bustling Thimphu main town.

Pawo Choyning Dorji's most recent cinematic creation, "The Monk and the Gun," left a significant impression at the 50th Telluride Film Festival this past weekend. The film is now poised for its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival this week. In a candid conversation with Kuensel, Pawo Choyning expressed his aspiration for this film to illuminate the distinctive qualities of Bhutan, especially for the younger generation. "Bhutan holds a unique place in history, being the last country to connect to the internet and introduce television," Pawo Choyning remarked. He added, "Moreover, Bhutan stands as the only nation worldwide where democracy was peacefully ushered in by His Majesty the Fourth King, and the transition to democracy occurred without the turmoil and revolution that marked similar transitions elsewhere." Bhutan embarked on an exceptional journey when Pawo Choyning Dorji's remarkable film, "Lunana, A Yak in the Classroom," secured the nation's first-ever nomination in the esteemed Best International Feature Film category at the Academy Awards. Shortly after this achievement, Dorji unveiled his second cinematic masterpiece, "The Monk and the Gun," which Bhutan has submitted for consideration in the 2024 Academy Awards' Best International Feature Film competition. This significant announcement followed the film's world premiere at Telluride and preceded its Canadian debut at the Toronto International Film Festival. The decision to submit the film was made by the Committee for Selection of Films for International Awards, established by the Bhutan InfoComm and Media Authority (BICMA). Set against the backdrop of Bhutan in 2006, "The Monk and the Gun" may initially appear as a work of fiction and satire to many filmmakers and critics, especially those unfamiliar with Bhutan or its transition from an absolute monarchy to a democratic constitutional democracy. However, for Bhutanese audiences, the film evokes memories of an unprecedented political transformation when Bhutan's Fourth King voluntarily abdicated the throne, leading to democratic elections in 2008. As depicted in the movie, this transition required educating the population about democratic principles, elections, and the importance of voting—a formidable task undertaken by the Election Commission of Bhutan (ECB). The film transports us to a remote monastery in Ura, northeastern Bhutan, where a lama listens to the radio news with disapproval before summoning a young monk. He solemnly declares that the country has veered off course, a sentiment that resonated with many Bhutanese citizens. When the Fourth King and His Majesty the King, who was then-Chhotse Penlop, embarked on a nationwide campaign to discuss the transition and the new Constitution, a unanimous chorus emerged: "We do not need democracy when we already have one of the world's finest governance systems." When the young monk is asked about the upcoming election, he responds humorously, joking, "Is that the new pig disease?" Despite the film's satirical take on global democracy, a significant portion of the Bhutanese population genuinely believed that democracy would disrupt their nation, viewing it as akin to fledgling and failed democracies worldwide—a disease. The inclusion of "Gun" in the film's title, along with references to "James Bond," serves as a poignant reminder that despite their unfamiliarity with democracy and elections, Bhutan was far from a medieval society. Indeed, those were "strange times," a period when a King voluntarily abdicated the throne and called for elections, a time when people perceived democracy as an ailment, and a time when people expressed their desire for Bhutan to remain an Absolute Monarchy. As Dorji himself explained to Deadline, "I found it profoundly intriguing that the Bhutanese people were presented with the gift of democracy but hesitated to embrace it. They still longed for their King's rule, and I believed it was a unique story to share with the rest of the world." Moreover, "The Monk and the Gun" underscores the existence of numerous untold and extraordinary stories about Bhutan, stories that have yet to reach the global stage. It also serves as a reminder to aspiring Bhutanese filmmakers that there are countless themes waiting to be explored—opportunities abound. Furthermore, Bhutanese actors now have the chance to be recognized by international filmmakers. What does the movie entail? In the year 2006, the Kingdom of Bhutan witnessed a significant historical turning point when its King abdicated the throne, marking the beginning of its transformation into the world's youngest democracy. This heartwarming ensemble drama follows the journeys of monks, villagers, city dwellers, and one unsuspecting foreigner, capturing the peculiar and wondrous moments of this transition. Bhutan, having no prior experience with elections, government officials organized a simulated election as a training exercise. However, even the simple task of registering voters proved challenging in regions where people lacked knowledge of their birthdates. In the village of Ura, an elderly lama, recognizing the sweeping changes in his country, instructs a monk named Tandin Wangchuk to procure a pair of guns. Concurrently, Benji, portrayed by Tandin Sonam, takes on the role of hosting and translating for Ron, an American antique arms collector who has arrived to acquire a coveted 19th-century rifle. With a generous offer on the table, Ron assumes the transaction will be straightforward. He fails to anticipate that, just as the Bhutanese are unfamiliar with democracy, they also prove resistant to the principles of commerce. Directed by Pawo Choyning Dorji, known for the 2019 Oscar-nominated film "Lunana: A Yak in the Classroom," and set against the backdrop of Bhutan's meandering streams and lush hills, "The Monk and the Gun" cleverly unveils the significance behind its title towards the latter part of the story. At that moment, this playful and wise film evolves into a poignant parable about the challenges of embracing modernity without confronting one's past.

Starting in the early 1960s, King Jigme Dorji Wangchuk initiated a comprehensive program aimed at overhauling Bhutan's economy and its semi-feudal social structure. This endeavor involved the construction of new roads and hospitals, along with the establishment of secular schools as an alternative to monastic education. The transformation of the social fabric began with the abolition of slavery, curbing practices like Bhutia polyandry and Nepalese polygamy, and a moderate relaxation of royal governance. While there were structural changes in Bhutan's government institutions, the king maintained a strong grip on political affairs. Periods of political instability emerged, notably in 1964, when the prime minister was assassinated during a political dispute, and in 1965, when there was an unsuccessful assassination attempt on the king himself. The 1970s marked a limited opening to tourism, and in 1971, Bhutan ended its political isolation by joining the United Nations. In 1972, 16-year-old Jigme Singye Wangchuk succeeded his father as king. The new king reaffirmed the treaty with India and sought to improve relations with China. Jigme Singye Wangchuk continued the reform and development efforts initiated by his father, channeling resources into infrastructure, education, and healthcare while striving to preserve Bhutan's rich cultural heritage and pristine natural environment. In 1988, Bhutan implemented a national policy that mandated strict adherence to Buddhist traditions. Bhutanese of Nepalese descent, who made up a significant portion of the population and were primarily Hindu, perceived this policy as an attempt to suppress their culture. This led to violent protests and ethnic tensions, resulting in the migration of thousands of Bhutanese of Nepalese origin to Nepal. The government of Bhutan claimed that many of them had resided in the country illegally. By the early 1990s, it was estimated that approximately 100,000 Nepalese from Bhutan were residing in refugee camps in Nepal, and efforts to resolve the refugee issue between the governments of Bhutan and Nepal had not yet yielded a final agreement. Simultaneously, King Jigme Singye Wangchuk took steps to democratize Bhutan. In the late 1990s, he relinquished absolute authority and shared power with the Council of Ministers, whose chair effectively served as the prime minister. The king also encouraged the Tshogdu (Bhutan's national assembly) to adopt a provision that allowed the assembly to call for a vote of confidence on the monarch and potentially require abdication. Furthermore, extensive efforts were made to draft a written constitution for Bhutan and open the kingdom to the free exchange of ideas. In 1999, the government lifted bans on television broadcasting and granted citizens access to the Internet. By the early 21st century, Bhutan had made significant strides toward embracing democracy and shedding its historical isolation across various dimensions, including geography, politics, economics, society, and technology. The abdication of the king in 2006, in favor of his politically progressive son, Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuk, accelerated this process. By the end of 2007, Bhutan had conducted its first-ever direct elections for the National Council, the upper house of a new bicameral parliament. Subsequent elections in March 2008 for the National Assembly, the lower house, marked the completion of the transition to a democratic system. Over the following decade, both democracy and economic development experienced significant growth and success. While the refugee crisis remained unresolved, Bhutan continued to expand political participation and held competitive elections every five years. The country achieved rapid economic growth and virtually eradicated extreme poverty. Progress in democratic institutions and economic development was reinforced by various successful initiatives, including a substantial increase in school enrollment and youth literacy. Much of Bhutan's progress was facilitated by India's interest and investment, given Bhutan's strategic significance as a buffer between India and China. This strategic importance was highlighted in 2017 when a standoff occurred between Indian and Chinese troops in a plateau claimed by both countries, as well as by Bhutan. The standoff was triggered when Bhutan detected Chinese workers attempting to construct a road on the plateau, prompting India to deploy troops to the area. The standoff persisted for two months, with both India and China eventually withdrawing their forces, although both countries bolstered their military presence in the region afterward.

Vision Inspire the future of learning and creative endeavors. Mission Empower innovation by providing digital design tools, fostering a culture of creativity. Objectives 1. Through its resources, global support, and local partnerships, SFL aims to: 2. Cultivate a community of makers and visionaries. 3. Establish itself as the premier platform for digital fabrication and rapid prototyping in the region. 4. Collaborate on programs with external stakeholders, all aligned with SFL's focus areas and dynamic list of impact themes. 5. Conduct research and development both internally and in collaboration with others. 6. Fabricate machines for distribution to support the establishment of additional labs in the country. 7. Offer a platform for startups and entrepreneurs to create, incubate, launch, and commercialize their products with support. Facilities of the lab Infrastructure Super FabLab is situated at TechPark, Thimphu, covering a total floor area of 715.765 m2. The space is thoughtfully designed to foster a cheerful, open, productive, and inviting atmosphere. The open layout and numerous communal areas encourage collaborative interactions and creative thinking. SFL will implement a facial recognition system for lab access, ensuring security and streamlined check-ins. Only authorized individuals with proper training will be allowed entry during off-hours. The lobby will provide self-guided instructions and lab information, while a cozy lounge featuring a small library will be nestled in one corner. The lobby will also include an ideation corner for everyone's use. The facility comprises four labs (electronics, carpentry, welding, and heavy machinery), a training room, and a conference room with a seating capacity of approximately 20 people. Additionally, the lab will feature a self-service cafeteria and a sauna room for recreational purposes. The surrounding areas will undergo renovation to create an outdoor space for users, promoting an environment of collaboration and community gathering.

Sonam Wangchen is one of Bhutan’s youngest and most popular singers. He was Born in February, 2002. He sings mostly in Dzongkha, Bhutan’s national language. His 2015 song, "choe thom da", was a super-hit, propelling him into the limelight. Since then, Sonam has written numerous hits, performed at national events and charitable concerts, and worked on original soundtracks for movies. Sonam is beloved by Bhutan’s younger population. He takes every opportunity to encourage children and teens to study, believe in themselves and follow their dreams. In his role as UNICEF Youth Ambassador, Sonam will use his singing, his popularity, and his large social media following to engage with young people and empower them to speak about the issues they face. “I used to sing before I even started school. My mother once recorded me singing ‘charo, charo’. She’d always play the video and marvel at my voice. I soaked in her praise and continued singing, gradually improving my vocal skills. Living in Thimphu, I got a few opportunities. My debut song came out, followed by a song that became pretty huge – ‘Gang Ghi Khaw’. When my songs received overwhelming love from people, I felt like music really must be for me. I used to sing with my friends, but as we went to different schools and my voice changed with puberty, I decided to go solo. I didn’t have proper musical guidance. When I started as an amateur singing with co-artists, we’d often sing on the same scale and our voices would be indistinguishable. But even with the lack of a proper platform, my parents were always supportive. And that’s how I’ve made it this far. As a musician, I’ve had a few highlights. One is having a song featured in a film by Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, and performing at a private screening for the film in Delhi. I also received invitations to places like New York. But I was in school and didn’t go. Now that I’ve finished high school, the pandemic has made opportunities like that scarce. I sometimes wish I’d taken them when they’d come. But I know why I didn’t. A musical career has limited scope here. I’m always trying to find new ways to sustain myself as a musician. We have immense musical talent here, we just need to be more creative. There are so many competitive, driven, and unique new artists. My style of songwriting and singing is also different. It all depends on our sources of inspiration. There are struggles such as copyright infringements. But a career in what you love is worth it. I advise all aspiring artists to have determination if they truly want to make this their career. We all need support, and the audience is immensely important to artists like me. I am so grateful for everyone who has supported me and loved my music, within Bhutan and around the world.” Sonam Wangchen's musical journey hasn't been limited to Bhutan alone. His talent and passion have taken him to various international stages and festivals, where he has shared the beauty of Bhutanese music with the world. His performances have been celebrated not only for their artistry but also for their ability to bridge cultural gaps and foster cross-cultural understanding. In addition to his live performances, Wangchen has also ventured into recording music, making his songs accessible to a global audience. This step has not only expanded his reach but has also given him the opportunity to collaborate with artists from different corners of the world, further enriching his musical repertoire.

Thimphu TechPark (TTP) stands as the primary hub for IT development within the Kingdom of Bhutan. Nestled in the Eastern Himalayas, Bhutan is renowned for its robust environmental conservation policies and its distinctive approach to development, emphasizing Gross National Happiness. TTP represents Bhutan's inaugural IT Park initiative, championed by the Department of Information Technology & Telecom under the Ministry of Information & Communications, with support from the World Bank. This pioneering project came to fruition through collaboration between Singapore's Assetz Property Group and Druk Holdings & Investments, the Royal Government of Bhutan's commercial arm. The groundbreaking ceremony for TTP took place on May 18, 2010, with construction ultimately concluding on April 30, 2012. On May 7, 2012, Thimphu TechPark commenced its operations. Presently, the park hosts a data center, a selection of domestic companies, and seven international IT/ITES enterprises, including Scan Cafe from the USA, ZOOP from Canada, SELISE from Switzerland, MultiRational from Australia, Southtech from Bangladesh, Bid Ocean from Canada, and Data Scientists from Australia. These companies collectively employ over 700 individuals within the IT Park. Moreover, TTP boasts an incubation center, providing Bhutanese entrepreneurs access to furnished workstations and affording foreign firms the opportunity to pilot their operations and explore the potential presented by Bhutan. Thimphu TechPark, Bhutan’s First PPP Project Thimphu TechPark had its origins as a project established through a Public Private Partnership (PPP) under the Private Sector Development Project (PSDP) umbrella, with the support of the World Bank. Its inception can be traced back to 2008, although the initial concept document dates back to 2006. Notably, it marked the first-ever PPP Project undertaken in Bhutan. The PSD Project encompassed three key components: the development of ICT Park Infrastructure (Thimphu TechPark), a Skills Development Programme that trained 1,300 young individuals in the ICT and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) sector, and efforts to strengthen the financial sector through ICT Investments, including the establishment of the Inter-Bank Electronic Fund Transfer Clearing System (EFTCS). The overarching goals were to bolster productive employment in Bhutan by promoting enterprise development in the ICT/ITES sector, enhancing ICT skills, and improving access to finance. In 2008, the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) secured a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) to fund the PSD Project. Subsequently, the Department of ICT & Telecom within the Ministry of Information and Communications initiated a bidding process for the Design, Build, Finance, Own, Operate, and Transfer (DBFOOT) of the ICT Park in Babesa, Thimphu, using the PPP model. Druk Holding and Investments (DHI) of Bhutan and Assetz Property Group (APG) of Singapore entered into a joint venture agreement and submitted a bid for the project. However, DHI eventually assumed full ownership of TTPL and retained the same acronym when APG withdrew, transferring its shares to DHI on October 29, 2014. The primary objective of the ICT Park project was to attract foreign companies to establish subsidiaries there, thereby creating employment opportunities for Bhutanese youth and stimulating Bhutan's budding ICT industry. To achieve this, the Project Implementation Agency Team, with support from the World Bank, conducted promotional visits and roadshows outside Bhutan in 2010 and 2011. There were high hopes of securing a major company like Wipro, Genpact, or Infosys as the anchor tenant once the ICT Park was completed. When this did not materialize, the local press, particularly The Bhutanese, was critical, labeling the ICT Park a "White Elephant" in a front-page article on January 5, 2013. It expressed skepticism, stating, "The management is optimistic, but with little or no commercial takers, the country’s first ICT Park remains vacant." Despite these challenges, the dedicated management team, led by the author of this paper, remained optimistic and persevered. The ICT Park gradually but steadily improved in terms of occupancy and vibrancy from 2012 to 2015. By early 2016, the park reached full occupancy, with approximately 700 Bhutanese youths employed in various foreign companies. Positive coverage in the Bhutanese media, including The Bhutanese, became more common from that point onward. Thimphu TechPark also played a crucial role in addressing concerns about the reliability and affordability of the Internet in Bhutan. Initially, Bhutan had only one International Internet Gateway in Phuentsholing. To address concerns that this would not be sufficient to attract potential investors to the ICT Park, a second gateway was established in Gelephu on March 26, 2012. However, this did not completely alleviate concerns as both gateways passed through Siliguri, India. Dialogue was initiated with India and Bangladesh to explore the possibility of opening a third International Internet Gateway at Samdrup Jongkhar, connected to the submarine cable landing station in Cox's Bazaar via India, providing true redundancy and improving connectivity. Thimphu TechPark also facilitated the establishment of the First Internet Exchange Point, connecting various Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in Bhutan, which was formally launched on January 8, 2019. This helped keep domestic traffic between domestic ISPs within the country, enhancing Internet speed for users. The presence of international companies at Thimphu TechPark also contributed to instilling professionalism among Bhutanese ISPs, addressing issues of lax customer service. The government pledged subsidies to reduce connectivity costs for companies at the ICT Park, but foreign investors continued to press for further reductions. This pressure, along with public discussion and media exposure, led to the first substantial revision of Internet leased line rates in Bhutan, as highlighted in Table 1 in a study conducted in March 2014. Thimphu TechPark’s Socio-economic Impact In a time when Bhutan is grappling with the daunting issue of youth unemployment, Thimphu TechPark has emerged as a beacon of hope. The youth unemployment rate has been steadily climbing since the close of 2010, reaching 15.7 percent in 2018, up from 12.3 percent in the previous year. The government has considered the option of sending young people to work abroad, including destinations like Japan, Kuwait, and the UAE, as a short-term solution. However, this approach is not beneficial for both the youth and the nation in the long run. As illustrated in Figure 2, Thimphu TechPark has consistently offered employment opportunities to more than 600 Bhutanese individuals over the past four years. The number of Bhutanese youth graduating from colleges has been on a continuous rise since 2001, thanks to increased enrollment facilitated by free education. Nevertheless, our economy's ability to generate job opportunities has not seen a corresponding increase. While the annual count of college graduates among the youth has stabilized at approximately 3,000, our economy can only accommodate employment for about one-third of these graduates. The companies within the ICT Park employ a substantial number of young people and are heavily reliant on markets outside Bhutan. They contribute significantly to the country's foreign exchange earnings, estimated at several million USD annually, which has a profoundly positive impact on a nation that relies on imports. Additionally, these companies bring the advantages of exemplary management practices and technical expertise. The ICT Park has also played a pivotal role in influencing policy decisions regarding technology adoption and facilitating Foreign Direct Investment in the ICT sector.

The rise of mobile gaming as a global cultural phenomenon has indeed transcended boundaries and captivated audiences worldwide, including in Bhutan. The accessibility of smartphones at varying price points has made mobile gaming accessible to a broader segment of Bhutanese society, contributing to its popularity. The mention of Mobile Legends being a particularly popular game in Bhutan highlights the appeal of fast-paced gameplay, simple mechanics, and the complex strategies it offers. Esports, as a competitive aspect of gaming, has also gained traction in Bhutan, as evidenced by the recent tournament organized by 'Onixesport.' While the tournament faced certain issues due to Bhutan's relatively low population, the fact that it was launched successfully demonstrates the interest and passion for esports in the country. The victory of ICYesport, a team managed by Dhendope, was a significant milestone as it marked the first time an esports team in Bhutan received a trophy for their achievements. The diverse age range among the players on the team, including minors and adolescents, underlines the inclusivity and unifying nature of esports. Dhendope's aspiration to popularize esports within Bhutan is commendable. Achievements like the tournament victory serve as motivation for both players and fans, potentially inspiring more Bhutanese individuals to pursue careers in esports. However, the path to establishing esports as a recognized and viable career option in Bhutan may be challenging. There are several factors to consider: 1. Cultural Acceptance: Bhutan has a rich cultural heritage, and traditional careers and activities hold significant importance. Convincing society to accept esports as a legitimate career option may require time and effort. 2. Infrastructure and Support: Building a career in esports often requires access to gaming equipment, stable internet connections, and support from local organizations and the government. 3. Education and Skill Development: Developing esports talent requires training and skill development. Establishing training centers and educational programs for aspiring players can help nurture talent. 4. Sponsorships and Investment: The esports ecosystem relies heavily on sponsorships, investments, and advertising. Encouraging businesses to invest in Bhutanese esports and support local teams is crucial. 5. Viewership and Engagement: To establish esports as a viable career, there needs to be a robust viewership and fan base. This will attract sponsors and advertisers and create opportunities for players and teams to earn a living from esports. 6. Regulations and Governance: Establishing regulations and governance for esports can help protect players' rights, ensure fair competition, and create a structured environment for growth. In conclusion, while esports is gaining momentum in Bhutan, the journey to making it a recognized and viable career option is a complex and multifaceted one. It will require the collaboration of players, organizers, sponsors, and the government to build a sustainable esports ecosystem that can provide career opportunities for passionate individuals like Dhendope and motivate players to pursue esports as a career path.

Royal Heir Entertainment, an international music marketing and distribution firm located in Thimphu, Bhutan, has recently inked a deal with the emerging talent Chogo hailing from the Kingdom of Bhutan. This collaboration will see Royal Heir taking on the responsibility of distributing Chogo's music and videos, commencing with his chart-topping single, "Where Is It". Notably, the official music video for "Where Is It" has already garnered hundreds of thousands of views on YouTube. For countless artists, securing a contract with an international record label has forever been an aspiration. I genuinely believe that I've worked tirelessly to attain this remarkable opportunity. I possess a wealth of creativity to showcase to the world and a strong desire to demonstrate my capabilities. Embarking on this exciting journey and having the privilege of signing with Royal Heir Entertainment fills me with immense gratitude." - CHOGO Who is Chogo? CHOGO, whose real name is Chogyel Kunzang, is a 21-year-old rapper who embarked on his music career in 2018. He draws inspiration from artists like Machine Gun Kelly and Post Malone, infusing his own unique style and personal flair into his songs. Chogo's songwriting is driven by a desire to communicate with his audience and alleviate the emotional weight he feels when he keeps his thoughts to himself. In his music videos, Chogo not only captures elements of contemporary hip-hop culture but also showcases the breathtaking natural beauty of Bhutan's countryside, renowned for its majestic mountains and traditional architecture. While Chogo is multilingual, many of his songs are in English, which has contributed to his growing global fanbase. As someone with a global perspective, I've always found it fascinating to witness how different countries contribute to the rich tapestry of hip-hop culture. Having spent a significant amount of time in Asia and having a few friends from Bhutan, a place I've always wanted to visit, I've had the pleasure of immersing myself in diverse musical influences. My friend Yiwang, who happens to be a member of the Royal family, has been sharing Chogo's music with me for a while. Seeing Chogo's undeniable talent and unwavering determination, Yiwang and I wanted to explore ways to support him. Chogo possesses not only exceptional skills but also a thirst for learning, rapid responsiveness, and a genuine passion for his craft. This collaboration promises to be a thrilling journey, and I'm eagerly anticipating the moment when we can introduce him to the world officially. - Brian Essince Collins, CEO of Royal Heir Entertainment Chogo’s first single “Where Is It” is available digitally worldwide now (listen here) via Royal Heir Entertainment. For more information and visit https://www.royalheirent.com and follow @officially_chogo and @royalheirent on instagram.

Druk Holding and Investments (DHI) was established in 2007 through the issuance of a Royal Charter by the Royal Government of Bhutan. Its primary mission is to oversee and manage both current and future investments made by the Royal Government, with a focus on delivering long-term benefits to the people of Bhutan. DHI is noteworthy for being the largest and sole government-owned holding company in Bhutan, with ownership stakes in 20 different enterprises spanning various sectors, including manufacturing, energy, natural resources, finance, telecommunications, aviation, trade, and real estate. Among these 20 companies, 11 are wholly owned by DHI (referred to as DHI-Owned Companies), 3 are under DHI's control with ownership stakes of 51% or higher (referred to as DHI Controlled Companies), and 6 maintain affiliations with DHI but have ownership stakes below 51% (referred to as DHI-Linked Companies). The Ministry of Finance serves as the exclusive shareholder of DHI. Vision: "To become the premier organization dedicated to wealth management and creation, contributing to the transformation of Bhutan into a globally competitive economy, all while upholding the principles of Gross National Happiness (GNH)." Mission: "Our mission is to secure and elevate the wealth of Bhutan for present and future generations through prudent investment strategies." Values: Integrity - Our unwavering commitment to doing what is right for DHI, our colleagues, customers, and stakeholders, even in the absence of supervision. Honesty - We conduct our business with absolute honesty, transparency, and the highest standards of corporate governance. Excellence - Our pursuit of the utmost standards, both in the quality of our work and the goods and services we deliver, is unwavering. Prudence - We exercise careful and sensible investment practices to protect and enhance the national wealth. Teamwork - We foster collaboration and strong relationships at all levels and with our partners, based on respect, understanding, and cooperation. Responsibility - We remain committed to the values of GNH, demonstrating environmental sensitivity, and being accountable to the people of Bhutan. Pursuant to the Royal Charter dated November 11, 2007, and the Executive Order of the Prime Minister, the Druk Holding and Investments Limited (DHI) have been formed to: Hold shares of government linked companies ("GLCs") whose primary mandate is commercial. Strengthen the corporate sector. To make investments by optimal usage of resources or raising funds. Lead, complement and spearhead the growth of a dynamic private sector, individually or through joint ventures.

The national flag of Bhutan, known as the "Druk Yul" in Dzongkha (the Bhutanese language), is a significant emblem of the country. It prominently features a depiction of a dragon from Bhutanese folklore, which is referred to as "druk" in Dzongkha. This design is a nod to Bhutan's name in Dzongkha, "Druk Yul," meaning "Dragon Country" or "Dragon Kingdom," as well as its connection to the Drukpa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, the predominant religion in Bhutan. The initial design of the flag, created by Mayum Choying Wangmo Dorji, dates back to 1947. A version of this flag was proudly displayed in 1949 during the signing of the Indo-Bhutan Treaty. In 1956, a modified version was introduced for the visit of Druk Gyalpo Jigme Dorji Wangchuck to eastern Bhutan. This variation was based on photographs of the 1949 flag and featured a white dragon in place of the original green one. Bhutan later decided to redesign its flag to match the dimensions of the Indian flag, which was believed to flutter more gracefully. Over time, additional changes were made, such as altering the red background to orange, resulting in the current flag design that has been in use since 1969. To formalize the flag's design and establish protocols for acceptable flag sizes and proper flag-flying practices, the National Assembly of Bhutan implemented a code of conduct in 1972. Symbolism A small vexillology symbol or pictogram, depicted in black and white, illustrates the various symbolisms associated with a variant of the Bhutanese flag. According to the legal provisions outlined in Resolution 28 of the 36th Session of the National Assembly on June 8, 1972, and reiterated in the 2008 Constitution, the color yellow represents the civil tradition and temporal authority embodied by the Druk Gyalpo, the Dragon King of Bhutan, whose royal attire traditionally includes a yellow kabney (scarf). The orange segment symbolizes the Buddhist spiritual tradition, particularly the Drukpa Kagyu and Nyingma schools. The dragon, depicted differently in this variant, extends across the boundary between these two colors. Its central placement on the flag's dividing line signifies the equal significance of both civic and monastic traditions within the Kingdom of Druk (Bhutan), emphasizing the profound connection between the sovereign and the people. The dragon's white hue signifies the purity of inner thoughts and actions that unify the ethnically and linguistically diverse population of Bhutan. Furthermore, the jewels held in the dragon's claws symbolize Bhutan's prosperity and the security and well-being of its people. Lastly, the fierce expression on the dragon's face represents the unwavering commitment of Bhutanese deities to the defense and protection of Bhutan. Transformation over time in history In 2002, The Centre for Bhutan Studies and GNH Research, an independent research institution based in Bhutan, published a document referred to as the "CBS document." This document stands as a unique and readily accessible source of information concerning the historical development of Bhutan's national flag. It extensively relies on firsthand accounts gathered through interviews with individuals who played pivotal roles in creating and modifying the Bhutanese flag. These interviews span from the late 1940s to the introduction of the current flag in approximately 1970. Consequently, this report holds significant importance as a primary source for understanding the history of Bhutan's flag. Nevertheless, it's worth noting that the document's description of the flag from 1949 does not entirely align with photographic evidence of the flag, as discussed later in the text. This discrepancy complicates the interpretation of some of the document's claims. Nonetheless, as a record of one of the few remaining primary sources, specifically the accounts of those involved in the flag's history and the limited existing government records, it serves as a valuable resource for shedding light on the otherwise poorly documented evolution of the Bhutanese flag. First national flag (1949) According to a document from CBS, the origin of Bhutan's first national flag can be traced back to a request made by Jigme Wangchuck, the second Druk Gyalpo of the 20th-century Kingdom of Bhutan. This flag was introduced in 1949 during the signing of the Indo-Bhutan Treaty. While the document doesn't provide a visual representation of the original design, black-and-white photographs taken during the historic event show the flag. The credit for designing the flag in 1947 goes to Mayum Choying Wangmo Dorji, while Lharip Taw Taw, a royal court painter at the time, is said to have embroidered the flag. The green color of the dragon, referred to as "turquoise druk" in traditional and religious terms, was chosen. Today, a modern reproduction of this historic flag is displayed behind the throne in the National Assembly Hall in Thimphu. As per the CBS document, the original Bhutanese flag was a square divided diagonally into yellow and red fields. In the center, at the intersection of these colors, there was a green dragon facing the fly end and parallel to the bottom edge of the flag. However, the document's description of the 1949 flag is somewhat inconsistent with the surviving photographs from that time. It mentions the flag as "square," while the photos suggest proportions closer to 4:5. The document also describes the dragon as "facing the fly end," while the dragon in the photos faces the hoist. Additionally, it mentions the dragon as "green," but the shade in the photos appears very pale, if green at all. Before 1970, Western flag books depicted the Bhutanese flag as closely resembling the 1949 photos. In 1956, a second version of the national flag was developed, mainly for the visit of the third Druk Gyalpo Jigme Dorji Wangchuk to eastern Bhutan. The dragon's color was changed from green to white during this time. Changes continued in the late 1950s when Dasho Shingkhar Lam, a former Secretary to His Majesty King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, was tasked with modifying the flag's design. These changes aimed to make the flag flutter more like the rectangular Indian flag. The standard measurements of the Bhutanese flag were altered to match the Indian flag's size (9 feet by 6 feet). The dragon was repositioned to spread across the diagonal dividing line between the background colors to avoid facing the earth when hanging limp. In 1968 or 1969, the king ordered the lower half of the flag to be changed from red to orange. This modification was carried out. The Bhutanese flag was first flown alongside another nation's flag during a state visit to India by Jigme Dorji Wangchuck in 1961, marking a new level of relations between the two countries. On June 8, 1972, the National Assembly of Bhutan approved Resolution 28, which introduced National Flag Rules, outlining various aspects of the flag's description, symbolism, and usage. These rules also specify flag protocol, including where and when the flag may be flown and who may display it on vehicles. The flag is treated with great respect, similar to the Bhutanese state and the head of state. The 1972 rules mandate that every district headquarters (dzongkhag) hoists the national flag. For areas without a dzongkhag, the flag is raised in front of the main government officer's office. Officials above the rank of minister are allowed to fly the flag at their residences if they do not live near the capital. The tradition of flying the national flag in front of government offices was established in Bhutan in 1968. The only designated flag day in the 1972 rules is National Day, celebrated on December 17th, commemorating the crowning of Ugyen Wangchuck as the first king of Bhutan in 1907.

The Human Development Index (HDI) of Bhutan serves as a valuable metric for assessing the welfare of nations across the globe. In 2017, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) introduced the HDI to furnish an impartial gauge of the quality of life in various countries. This composite score took into consideration factors such as life expectancy at birth, educational attainment among children under the age of 15, per capita income, and access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities. In contrast to several other Asian countries, Bhutan achieved a commendable HDI score of 829 points in that year. This figure stood 117 points higher than the HDI scores of Nepal (627 points), Bangladesh (531 points), and Thailand (531 points). This discrepancy indicates that Bhutan enjoys a relatively elevated standard of living. However, it is essential to note that Bhutan's HDI score fell short of meeting the UNDP's criteria for gross national income (GNI) or GDP. Gross national income or GDP represents the monetary gains generated by a nation's economy, based on the balance between the sales of goods or services and their production or the utilization of labor to make these goods and services available in the market. This distinction could elucidate why Bhutan's HDI score appears lower compared to other countries in the region, despite its relatively high level of well-being. Bhutan occupies the 127th position on the Human Development Index. In the latest United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI) report, Bhutan has been ranked 127th among 191 countries. The 2022 report, unveiled recently, indicates that Bhutan's ranking has improved by two positions compared to the previous year, when it was ranked 129th. Bhutan is part of the group of countries that have shown progress, with consistent improvements in various human development indicators, including life expectancy, education, and gross national income. Among the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations, Bhutan is positioned below Sri Lanka (ranked 73rd) and the Maldives (ranked 90th). Bhutan falls within the medium human development category, sharing this classification with neighboring countries like India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Titled "Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: shaping our future in a transforming world," the report underscores the accumulation of layers of uncertainty in the global landscape. Azusa Kubota, the UNDP Bhutan's resident representative, emphasized that this year's report advocates for investment, insurance, and innovation. She noted that the report comes at a time when the global community is facing a confluence of challenges, including the ongoing pandemic, a climate emergency, conflicts, rising inflation contributing to a global cost of living crisis, and growing strains on mental health. Kubota pointed out, "The pandemic exposed existing tensions and weaknesses of our systems and institutions that continue to be tested time and again. The human development index has experienced an unprecedented reversal." The report highlights that over 90 percent of countries registered a decline in their HDI score in either 2020 or 2021, and more than 40 percent experienced declines in both years, indicating that the crisis is deepening for many nations. During the report's launch, Finance Minister Namgay Tshering emphasized the urgency of the challenges faced by Bhutan as a small, landlocked nation. These challenges include the economic and social impact of Covid-19, as well as increasing vulnerability to climate change and global warming. UNDP's Regional Director for Asia and the Pacific, Kanni Wignaraja, stressed the importance of collaboration in addressing these challenges. She highlighted that by increasing investments in human development, protecting the environment, and equipping people with the necessary tools to thrive in an uncertain world, countries can create futures characterized by prosperity, opportunity, and hope. She emphasized that the path forward is determined by collective actions. The report offers recommendations, including policies focused on investment in renewable energy, preparedness for pandemics, and insurance, along with social protection measures to enhance societal readiness for uncertain times. Additionally, the report introduced "The Ten-Drel," an online platform designed to enhance citizen engagement in decision-making. This locally-developed initiative, a collaboration between the National Council of Bhutan and UNDP, will provide a space for robust public debate and discussion on critical national issues.